According to classical Vedic astrology and the BPHS tradition, Mars signifies energy, courage, strength, action, aggression, and initiative. It governs how a person takes action, faces challenges, and expresses drive, passion, and determination. A strong Mars can give bravery, discipline, leadership in action, and the ability to overcome obstacles, while an afflicted Mars may create anger, impulsiveness, conflict, or destructive tendencies. Mars is essential for understanding physical energy, competition, courage, and the ability to act decisively in a birth chart.